Urinary Incontinence
What is urinary incontinence?
Urinary incontinence (UI) is the uncontrollable leakage of urine. This can be caused by nerve or muscle dysfunction of the bladder, loss of support of the urethra and/or bladder, or weakened urinary sphincter.
What causes urinary incontinence, and how common is it?
Approximately 30 percent of women in the U.S. suffer from urinary incontinence, which can affect women of all ages. Some women may be at increased risk for urinary incontinence due to:
Pregnancy and childbirth (your risk increases with the number of children you have)
Menopause or aging
Being overweight or obese
Diabetes
Stroke
Prior hysterectomy (removal of uterus)
Smoking
What are the types of urinary incontinence?
Stress urinary incontinence: occurs most commonly when there is a weakness in urethral support or in the urinary sphincter. As a result, certain activities—such as sneezing, coughing, laughing, bending or exercising—places pressure on the bladder and causes urine to leak involuntarily.
Urge urinary incontinence (also known as overactive bladder): the sudden urge to urinate, often with little or no warning. Your bladder muscles may be too active and squeeze to pass urine before you can get to the bathroom.
Mixed incontinence: a combination of having stress urinary incontinence and urge urinary incontinence.
Overflow incontinence: when you are unable to empty your bladder and the urine overflows or leaks out. Symptoms include frequent urination of small amounts or a constant drip.
How is urinary incontinence diagnosed?
In order to determine the type of urinary incontinence that you have, your doctor will first ask for your medical history. You should be prepared to share details of any pregnancies and deliveries you’ve had, as well as if you’re experiencing menopause, since these can all be major causes of urinary incontinence. Your doctor will also perform a physical examination. They may also request a urinalysis to test for signs of infection or blood in your urine, or ask you to urinate in a container to measure the amount of urine you produce.
How is urinary incontinence treated?
Treatment for urinary incontinence depends on what type of urinary incontinence you have. Generally, patients may be offered non-surgical options (such as lifestyle modifications or physical therapy) or surgical options. Based on your history, examination, lifestyle, and goals, you and your doctor will come up with a personalized plan.
