Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse refers to any of the pelvic organs— bladder, uterus, vagina or rectum—dropping from their normal position and causing pressure or creating a vaginal bulge.

Many women experience no symptoms, while others may experience some of the following, which tend to progress very gradually:

• A bulge near the opening of the vagina

• Pressure or heavy sensation in the vagina

• A feeling of fullness in your lower belly or of “sitting on a ball”

• Difficult or strained bowel movements

• Vaginal dryness or irritation and pain with intercourse

• Difficulty starting to urinate, frequent urination or leaking of urine

• Irregular spotting or bleeding from the vagina

• Lower back discomfort

While women of all ages may be affected by pelvic organ prolapse, it is more common in older women. Certain factors may increase your risk, including:

• Pregnancy and childbirth (especially delivery of large babies)

• Chronic cough

• Chronic constipation or straining during bowel movements

• Frequent heavy lifting

• Menopause

• Obesity

• Connective tissue disorders

• Prior pelvic surgery/hysterectomy

Diagnosis begins with your medical history and a physical exam of your pelvic organs. Some additional tests may be necessary (including bladder function tests, pelvic floor strength tests, MRI or ultrasound) to help determine the exact type of prolapse.